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How Bacteria Swim and Tumble
A motile E. coli propels itself from place to place by rotating its flagella. To move forward, the flagella rotate counterclockwise and the organism "swims". But when flagellar rotation abruptly changes to clockwise, the bacterium "tumbles" in place and seems incapable of going anywhere. Then the bacterium begins swimming again in some new, random direction.
Swimming is more frequent as the bacterium approaches a chemoattractant (food). Tumbling, hence direction change, is more frequent as the bacterium moves away from the chemoattractant. It is a complex combination of swimming and tumbling that keeps them in areas of higher food concentrations.
The two types of motility can be seen in this animation. A longer, larger, silent version of this clip may be purchased. It is part of the "Bacteria Collection" available for classroom use.
Some Keywords:
chemotaxis, bacteria + flagellum, cell motility, random motility, directed motility, flagellar rotation
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